The relationship between tibiofemoral geometry and musculoskeletal function during normal activity

BackgroundThe effect of tibiofemoral geometry on musculoskeletal function is important to movement biomechanics.Research questionWe hypothesised that tibiofemoral geometry determines tibiofemoral motion and musculoskeletal function. We then aimed at 1) modelling tibiofemoral motion during normal activity as a function of tibiofemoral geometry in healthy adults; and 2) quantifying the effect of tibiofemoral geometry on musculoskeletal function.MethodsWe used motion data for six activity types and CT images of the knee from 12 healthy adults. Geometrical variation of the tibia and femoral articular surfaces were measured in the CT images. The geometry-based tibiofemoral motion was calculated by fitting a parallel mechanism to geometrical variation in the cohort. Matched musculoskeletal models embedding the geometry-based tibiofemoral joint motion and a common generic tibiofemoral motion of reference were generated and used to calculate joint angles, net joint moments, muscle and joint forces for the six activities analysed. The tibiofemoral model was validated against bi-planar fluoroscopy measurements for walking for all the six planes of motion. The effect of tibiofemoral geometry on musculoskeletal function was the difference between the geometry-based model and the model of reference.ResultsThe geometry-based tibiofemoral motion described the pattern and the variation during walking for all six motion components, except the pattern of anterior tibial translation. Tibiofemoral geometry had moderate effect on cohort-averages of musculoskeletal function (R² = 0.60–1), although its effect was high in specific instances of the model, outputs and activities analysed, reaching 2.94 BW for the ankle reaction force during stair descent. In conclusion, tibiofemoral geometry is a major determinant of tibiofemoral motion during walking.SignificanceGeometrical variations of the tibiofemoral joint are important for studying musculoskeletal function during normal activity in specific individuals but not for studying cohort averages of musculoskeletal function. This finding expands current knowledge of movement biomechanics.     

Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI评估功能性肝体积与肝功能Child-Pugh分级的相关性

目的：对比解剖性肝脏体积（ALV）和功能性肝脏体积（FLV）与肝功能Child-Pugh分级的相关性。方法：选择温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院2014年1月至2019年4月同时行增强CT和Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI扫描的肝硬化患者25例。对所有患者进行肝功能Child-Pugh评分，检测所有入组患者每个肝段的Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI平扫期和肝胆特异期的信号对比增强率（CER），以CT扫描的数据为基础利用MI-3DVS计算每个肝段的ALV和全肝的FLV。分析ALV和FLV与肝功能Child-Pugh分级的相关性。结果：肝功能Child-Pugh分级与ALV呈负相关（r=-0.792，P＜0.001），曲线拟合的决定系数（R2）=0.63；肝功能Child-Pugh分级与FLV亦呈负相关（r=-0.911，P＜0.001），曲线拟合的R2=0.80。FLV与肝功能Child-Pugh分级有更显著的负相关性。结论：结合Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI平扫期和肝胆特异期的信号CER和ALV计算所得的FLV较ALV能更好地反映肝脏的功能状态。     

实时剪切波弹性成像在拉米夫定治疗乙肝纤维化过程中的疗效评估作用

目的探讨实时剪切波弹性成像在评估拉米夫定治疗乙肝纤维化临床疗效中的作用。方法选取2017年1月～2018年1月我院收治的80例乙肝纤维化患者,根据随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予拉米夫定进行治疗,治疗6个月。比较两组治疗前后肝功能、肝纤维化指标,利用实时剪切波弹性成像评估两组治疗前后肝脏弹性模量值及肝穿刺活检情况,并进行比较。结果两组治疗后AST、ALT、TBIL水平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后AST、ALT、TBIL水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后HA、LN、PⅢPN-P、CL-Ⅳ水平及杨氏弹性模量值均显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后HA、LN、PⅢPN-P、CL-Ⅳ水平及杨氏弹性模量值均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组治疗后肝穿刺活检结果均有好转,尤其是汇管区、肝小叶内炎症及肝纤维化改善明显。结论实时剪切波弹性成像作为肝脏硬度定量检测的无创性技术,可用于拉米夫定治疗乙肝纤维化临床疗效评估的重要方法。     

滋阴清热方治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症阴虚火旺证患者疗效、血浆内皮素-1、炎症因子和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究滋阴清热方治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症阴虚火旺证患者疗效、血浆内皮素-1、炎症因子和免疫功能的影响。方法:将广州市花都区妇幼保健院收治的100例甲状腺功能亢进症阴虚火旺证患者分成观察组和对照组。对照组:给患者使用常规药物治疗;观察组:在对照组的基础上,给予滋阴清热方治疗。干预后,比较两组患者的临床疗效、血浆内皮素-1(Endothelin,ET)、炎症因子[白介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)]及肿瘤坏死因子(Tumour Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)和免疫功能(CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+及CD4^+/CD8^+)。结果:干预前,两组患者IL-2、IL-8及TNF-α无变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患者的IL-2比对照组高,且对照组的IL-8及TNF-α比观察组的高,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;干预前,两组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+及CD4^+/CD8^+与ET无变化;干预后,观察组的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8+及CD4^+/CD8^+比对照组高,P <0.05,差异有统计学意义,且观察组的ET低于对照组且观察组总有效率明显高于对照组。结论:滋阴清热方治疗降低了血浆内皮素-1,减少炎症的出现,提高免疫功能。     

桂枝芍药知母汤对类风湿性关节炎患者实验室指标和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨桂枝芍药知母汤对类风湿性关节炎患者实验室指标和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2014年12月至2016年12月南京中医药大学附属南京市中西医结合医院收治的类风湿关节炎患者110例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组55例。对照组采用常规西医治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上联合桂枝芍药知母汤治疗，2组均治疗1个月。比较2组临床效果、临床症状改善情况、实验室指标及免疫功能指标水平；统计2组不良反应发生率。结果:观察组总有效率为92.73%，高于对照组（78.18%，P<0.05）。与治疗前比，治疗1个月后，2组握力均增大，且观察组大于对照组（P<0.05）；2组晨僵时间、20 m步行时间均缩短，且观察组短于对照组（P<0.05）；2组关节压痛数、关节肿胀数、ESR、MPV、PDW及血清CRP、血浆IgA、IgG、IgM、RF水平均降低，且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）；2组血清C3水平均升高，且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗期间，观察组不良反应发生率为0.00%，低于对照组（10.91%，P<0.05）。结论:桂枝芍药知母汤治疗类风湿性关节炎，可改善患者实验室指标，增强免疫功能，提高疗效，安全性较高。     

多学科会诊模式在结肠癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的分析多学科会诊(MDT)模式对结肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复及并发症的效果评价。方法将2017年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者作为对照组,给予常规干预措施;将2018年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者为观察组,采取MDT模式干预。比较两组患者的胃肠功能恢复情况及一般围手术期指标;干预前和干预后2周,采用世界卫生组织生存质量评估量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估两组患者的生活质量;术后3天,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组患者腹胀发生情况;比较两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、禁食时间、伤口愈合时间、住院时间、术后下床时间均短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后2周,两组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均高于本组干预前,且观察组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3天,观察组患者的腹胀程度低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为6.0%,低于对照组患者的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论MDT模式干预可促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况,缩短伤口愈合时间及住院时间,降低术后并发症发生率,并改善了患者的生活质量。     

肌电生物反馈对痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能影响的Meta分析

目的:应用Meta分析评价肌电生物反馈治疗痉挛型脑瘫的作用。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆及中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI、维普、万方数据库中2009年1月~2019年6月关于肌电生物反馈治疗痉挛型脑瘫的随机对照试验,利用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入10项随机对照试验,共613个病例;肌电生物反馈可以改善脑瘫患儿踝关节活动度(MD=5.06,95%CI=4.01~6.10,P<0.01),改善粗大运动功能(GMFM D区MD=3.75,95%CI=2.75~4.75,P<0.01;GMFM E区MD=6.04,95%CI=4.82~7.26,P<0.01),改善腓肠肌痉挛程度(MD=5.19,95%CI=-0.52^-0.39,P<0.01)。结论:肌电生物反馈在改善脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能方面具有一定效果,但所纳入研究的方法有局限性,还需更严格的设计和高质量的研究方法进一步证明。     

Effects of Cassava Juice (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on Renal and Hepatic Function and Motor Impairments in Male Rats

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a plant that contains neurotoxins such as linamarin and lotaustraline. Its long-term consumption is associated with neuronal damage and contributes to the development of motor impairment in humans and rats. We investigated the effects of the consumption of cassava juice on renal and hepatic function and motor impairments in male rats. The rats received the vehicle, non-toxic and toxic doses of cassava juice, or linamarin as a pharmacological control, over 35 consecutive days. The effects were evaluated in an open field test, rotarod, and swim test. The toxic cassava dose and linamarin resulted in motor impairments in the rotarod and swim test from day 7 of treatment. The toxic cassava dose and linamarin increased the parameters that indicate renal and hepatic damage, with the exception of total protein and albumin levels. Behavioral variables that show motor incoordination (i.e., latency to fall in the rotarod) were negatively correlated with biochemical parameters of renal and kidney damage, whereas spin behavior was positively correlated. Our data indicate that chronic oral consumption of cassava juice caused renal and hepatic damage that was correlated with motor coordination impairment in rats, similarly to their principal neurotoxic compound, linamarin.